difference between Linux and Windows operating systems.

The difference between Linux and Windows operating systems.

The previous difference between the Linux and Windows operating systems is that Linux is completely free of charge 
while Windows is a marketable operating system and is expensive. An operating system is a program designed to 
control the computer hardware and act as an intermediary between users and hardware.
Linux is an open source operating system where users can access the source code and can improve the code with the system. 
On the other hand, in Windows, users cannot access the source code, and it is a licensed operating system.
Linux and Windows operating systems

Comparison Chart

Basis for 

comparison

Linux

Windows

Cost
Free of cost
Expensive
Open source
Yes
No
Customizable
Yes
No
Security
More secure
Vulnerable to viruses and malware attacks.
Booting
Either primary or 
logical partition.
Only primary partition.
Separation of the 
directories using
Forward slash
Back slash
File names
Case sensitive
Case insensitive
File system
EXT2, EXT3, EXT4, 
Reisers FS, XFS and JFS
FAT, FAT32, NTFS and ReFS
Type of kernel used
Monolithic kernel
Micro kernel
Efficiency
Effective running efficiency
Lower than Linux

Definition of Linux.

Linux is a free and open source system based on Unix standards. It provides programming interfaces as well as 
user interfaces that are compatible with Unix-based systems and provide large applications. A Linux system also 
contains many separately developed elements, resulting in Unix systems that are fully compatible and free from their own code.
The traditional monolithic kernel is used in the Linux kernel for performance purposes, but its modular function allows 
most drivers to be loaded and unloaded dynamically when running. Linux protects processes and is a multi-user system. 
Inter process communication is supported by both mechanisms such as shared memory, semaphores and message queuing.
An abstract layer is used in Linux to control the various file systems, but for users the file system looks like a hierarchical 
directory tree. It also supports device-oriented, networked, and virtual file systems. Disk storage is accessed via a page cache 
that is consistent with virtual memory systems. To minimize duplication of shared data between different processes, the 
memory management system uses page sharing and copy-on-write.
Ubuntu 17.10 is the latest version of the Linux family operating system. The default user interface for the given version is GNOME, 
Ubuntu Unity (in older versions).

Read also; Linux app compatibility coming soon on Chrome book devices

Definition of Windows.

Windows is a licensed operating system in which the source code cannot be accessed. It is designed for 
people with the perspective of not having knowledge of computer programming and for commercial and other business users. 
It is very simple and straightforward to use. Windows is extensible, portable and helps multiple operating environments, 
symmetric multiprocessing and client-server computing. It offers integrated caching, virtual memory and preventive programming.
Windows 10 (1709) is the latest version of the Microsoft Windows operating system. Its default user interface is the Windows shell (graphic). 
It uses hybrid kernel in previous versions, mainly micro kernel is used.

Key Differences Between Linux and Windows Operating System

Linux is a free and open source operating system, while Windows is a commercial operating system whose 
source code is inaccessible.

Windows is not customizable, since Linux is customizable and a user can modify the code and change its appearance. 

Linux is open source, therefore Linux provides higher security than Windows.

Windows must boot from the primary partition. On the contrary, there is no such restriction in Linux, it can be 
started from a primary or logical partition.

The separation of the directories is done by a backslash in Windows. Conversely, in Linux, these are further separated using slashes. 

In Linux, file names are case sensitive, while Windows file names are not case sensitive. 

Linux uses the monolithic kernel that consumes more running space, while Windows uses the micro-kernel that takes up less space, 
but the efficiency of system execution is less than Linux.



Conclusion

Linux and Windows both operating systems have their advantages and disadvantages. Windows is easy to use, 
but it is not a free and open source operating system, while Linux is free, open source, customizability and secure, 
but complex for users who have no programming experience. Linux is more reliable than Windows.
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